Charles II, also known as the 'Merry Monarch,' was known for his lively and exuberant nature, which pervaded in his court, which mostly functioned on hedonism and cavorting style. Charles II, the son of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria, was given the titles of Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay shortly after his birth. He later assumed the title Prince of Wales. He and his father fought in the Battle of Edgehill when he was fourteen years old. However, the war's unfavorable outcome forced young Charles into exile. He returned to England to be crowned as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London were both tragic events in British history during Charles II's reign. His relationship with Parliament was strained, and he plotted futile military missions against the Dutch. In English history, his reign became known as the Restoration period.